nitazoxanide 500 mg is a thiazolide compound that is rapidly converted in the body to its active metabolite, tizoxanide. This metabolite interferes with the energy metabolism of anaerobic organisms by inhibiting the pyruvate
oxidoreductase enzyme-dependent electron transfer reaction, essential for anaerobic energy production.
Clinical Applications
Nitazoxanide is FDA-approved for the treatment of diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia. Beyond these indications, it has been investigated for various other infections:
Viral Infections: Studies have shown activity against a range of viruses, including rotavirus, norovirus, hepatitis B and C viruses, and influenza. During the COVID-19 pandemic, nitazoxanide was explored for its potential to treat SARS-CoV-2. you can also try nizonide 200
Parasitic Infections: In addition to Cryptosporidium and Giardia, nitazoxanide has shown efficacy against other protozoa and helminths, such as Entamoeba histolytica and Ascaris lumbricoides.
Bacterial Infections: Some research indicates that nitazoxanide has antibacterial properties, particularly against Clostridium difficile and Helicobacter pylori.
Mechanism of Action and Metabolism
Nitazoxanide is well-absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations of tizoxanide occurring within 1-4 hours. It is extensively metabolized in the liver through glucuronidation and then excreted primarily in the urine. The liver plays a crucial role in its biotransformation, which raises questions about potential hepatotoxic effects.
Hepatic Effects of Nitazoxanide
Clinical Trials and Case Studies: Clinical trials have generally shown that nitazoxanide is well-tolerated with a favorable safety profile. However, there have been isolated reports of hepatic adverse effects. For instance, transient elevations in liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) have been observed in some patients. These elevations were usually mild and resolved without discontinuing the medication.
Hepatotoxicity: Although rare, there are documented cases of nitazoxanide-associated hepatotoxicity. These cases include acute liver injury characterized by jaundice, significantly elevated liver enzymes, and liver function impairment. In most instances, liver function normalized upon discontinuation of the drug
